Presentation of Self

When an psyche enters the front of others, they commonly seek to arrogate? culture ab out(p) him or to lick into play information about him already possessed. They? exit be interested in his general socio-economic status, his conception of self, his attitude? towards them, his competence, his trustworthiness, etcetera Although some of this information is? sought as an end in itself, there argon usually quite pr consummationical reasons for getting it. Information? about the individual helps to assign the situation, enabling others to know in communicate what he? ill expect of them and what they whitethorn expect of him. Informed in these dashs, the others will? know how best to act in order to call forth a desired response from him. -Erving Goffman In The introduction of Self In Everyday Life, by Erving Goffman he seeks to show the reader how everyone sets out to present themselves to the world nearly them, endlessly feating to maintain the role they do selected for th emselves, since those whom they meet not only try to decide what role it is you ar playing, tho also whether or not you argon competent to play that role.Erving Goffman portrays everyday interactions as strategic encounters in which one is attempting to trade a situation self-im come on and, accordingly, a particular definition of the situation. I entertain with Erving Goffman, in everyday life I cogitate we all play disparate roles to different spate to portray ourselves in the panache we take to be seen. The impression we devour on people and society depends on the character and role we play.In my life today I try to interest people the best sort I shag while still making myself happy I can relate to Goffmans writings because I also debate myself that we are all actors playing a role in society that we favour to play. The ways we portray ourselves to the people around us can differ from admirers to parents because we fate a sense of acceptance from all. I agree with this very much. Growing up I know that I from time to time would lie to my parents to play the role that they precious to see. The image my parents may have cerebration me to be, at times, actually was not me.I wanted to be my parents princess and the golden child, so I acted in a way to seek their approval which in some ways was not the echt me. These conditions occur because of the existence of self presentational rules according to Goffman. When one individual enters the presence of others, he will want to realise the facts of the situation. Were he to possess this information. Also when shock an individual we try to get information about them so we can act accordingly to their approval. How we act with one friend may not be the way we act with another.We determine the persons status and attitude and decide for ourselves if we want to be a part of that. When we conform to the information when first meeting someone, it determines the way we think and act towards them . Erving Goffman revolves his view of the man life around the belief that we are all actors who have both a front salute expression and a back stage air. From an early age we have become skilled actors and break down in and out of roles with precision such(prenominal) as with our family and friends. We follow the formal societal rules when we are on the front stage reciting a script, playing a role.This would implicate going to work, presenting ourselves as the person we should refer to take part in society. On the other side, Goffman says our back stage behavior is informal, as wed act when we are amongst friends. When I myself am in the public substance instead of in the social outlook amongst my friends I find myself acting in a different way to please the group of people I am around. Erving Goffman had a good perception on society and natural human behavior that I myself can relate to and agree with.

'Ground Rules in the Classroom\r'

'â€Å"No group can work successfully with pop rules that govern interactions and behaviour” (Minton 2005). grease rules in a classroom depends largely on the type and the length of the melt tear and the ages, energy and life experiences of the group being taught. Ground rules need to be set out at the beginning of a course to establish what is expected from the learners in toll of behaviour and joint respect of helpmate learners and the instructor.\r\nA good tool to work to implement these rules would be an â€Å"ice circuit breaker” whereby the teacher would ask the learners to write down their own ideas of the perfect learning surroundings for them; for example, a brainstorming activity. The learners could then deal their ideas with their helpmates and through a general consensus go in up with a list of rules they gaze to implement in their classroom. The teacher would use up the rules manageable, tailoring the rules according to the needs of the lear ners and so giving the learners ownership of their own rules. The teacher would support, motivate, encourage and persuade the learners.\r\nAdult learners get out usually feel resentful and estranged if a teacher takes a call for and control approach in their mien of breeding. Behaviour and respect are inversely interlinked. Good teacher/learner relationships and peer relationships are based on mutual respect. The learner prise the teacher for their teaching skills, personal qualities, knowledge and professionalism and the teacher respects the learner as an individual and their attempts to learn. tout ensemble rules underpin behaviour and respect for others as respect and behaviour are reciprocally inclusive. Overt behaviour comes from respect.\r\n'

'“What Thanksgiving means to me.\r'

'In my country, Korea, having same vacation state of grace c eithered by Chu-Seok. grace is upon us. I have to say, gloam is one of my most favorite propagation of the year †first Halloween, and then thanksgiving, and then Christmas, all right in a row. The decorations, the music, the food, the holiday spirit †I kindred it. Coming from a large family †and having a large prolonged family †only heightened the holiday cheer growing up, and I employ to help create that cheer for my testify family. So I think I’d take a turn to talk about what Thanksgiving room to me.There is forever and a day the traditional Korean food, of course. save it’s non just the consummation of eating Thanksgiving dinner. The hours of preparation and the luscious smells that fill the house that entire hebdomad are just as important, as are the leftovers that last for days. In my family, the grooming of Christmas cookies has always begun the day after Thanksgiving †if not before. The preparation, eating, and preserving of food becomes both a family tradition and a ritual of lodge and togetherness.There is also family. For me, Thanksgiving has almost always involved time dog-tired with extended family, whether they come to me or I go to them. And for me, extended family has always meant time spent playing board games such as Yut-Game, Gostop-Game. or just sitting nearly reminiscing. There are also the family projects that we’ll all tackle together, whether it’s simply regular that drawer that never ran straight or building an entire new porch. Thanksgiving has always meant all of that.In addition to centering around the ritual of food, the embrace of family, and the immenseness of history, Thanksgiving has always served for me as a time of contemplation and gratitude. It’s in effect(p) to take stock from time to time, not to ignore problems or challenges but quite an to remember and think about the good. somet imes we get so caught up in the daily grind of life that we focalize more on what we don’t have than on what we do have. Thanksgiving helps me slow down and refresh my focus.\r\n'

'What is British Cinema?\r'

'British cinema is the nearly respected manufacture in the world and has the clashing on modern cinema. This industry is characterized by its unvarying debate near its distinctiveness which includes cultural and economic issues and the influence of Ameri arsehole and European cinemas. The golden long cadence of British cinema st artistic creationed in 1940 from the studios of Rank and Korda. This industry had pass watern near actors, film directors and many motion pictures (Curran and Porter, 1993). This writing covers certain aspects of British cinema industry and discusses twain depictions of the Drama genre released in 2009 and 2010.Both the motion picture is establish on unex angstrom unitled generation that shows near of enthusiasm and enthusiasm for a particular bound form. The movies pee-pee been tar throwed to the youth and did levelheaded business. The movies withal provided a good presentation of the present day’s ending in terms of settings, food, and clothing of characters, family types, issues face by children in alkali and domesticates and otherwises. These teen come alongrs presented in this movie tally a different class of children altogether that hurl so much passion for their favorite art forms.In the recent former(prenominal) in that respect bring in been scattered of development in various forms of arts from medicine to dancing. Number of British, American, and Australian, Italian and many other singers and musicians be rocking the world with their music and the increased fan followings for these artists lease increased. Teenagers atomic number 18 particularly inspired by them. The bewitch of these arm forms attract millions to watch and perform. Discussion British cinema had faced the times of recession and boom. t causeher atomic number 18 many factors which can be use to realise the growth of this film industry.The growth can to a fault be known by the physical body of movies produced. Thi s cinema industry was boomed first time in 1910 scarce they again seen recession in 1920 precisely overdue to the competition with the US. The protective measures, which lead to the recuperation and for the high production, Cinematograph Films Act 1927 has been launched in 1936 Curran and Porter, 1993. As British cinema was just got aged from the first waves of recession, it was hit by other recession waves in mid(prenominal) of 1970. This continued till 1980’s. Due to renewal of nonpublic and public investment, British cinema again got recovered in 1990’s.There were some movies produced during recession like Chariots of kick up (1981), which was the successful movie. Like this movie they have released many other movies and they were successful too. British industries have also launched the better technologies to edit the movie and now the movies are releasing in better picture quality. The movies have got worldwide success and these movies earn much high as the y have good picture quality, with child(p) and the horizontal surfaceline like historical, cultural and artistic dimensions. These movies are also well known due to the educational behavior as these movies have some chaste into it (Murphy, 2009).Many movies were produced in 2000’s precisely there were some movies which were highly appreciated by the viewers. Two of the movies are slant store (2009) and nowhere Boy (2009), which are from the same genre (drama) that the movies are ground on the lives of jejune. flick 1: weight tank car (2009) Fish Tank is the movie which is based on the carriage of a teenage lady friend who got influenced by the street dancers and describes their dancing as being horrible. In this movie, Mia who is just 15 years old fille and living with her mother and sister on Essex Council Estate.She never go out of her estate as she was secured in her syndicate because as she die hard out, the authorities starts disturb her and that’ s why she had left her schooling. She just drinks cider most of the times, in her mark. She only came out of her theatre when she does the street dancing other she re chief(prenominal) in her lonely flat and practice inside the house only. Once when she was roaming around in her estate, she saw a buck which was trying to get dispense with but the horse was ineffective to get free. She found it indescribable and brought the hammer to garter the horse but she faced the anger of its three owners.Two of the owners have grabbed her to stop her but she get away from them after struggling with them. She got free just because of the dog of Mr. truncheon, the third owner of the horse and explained anything to Mia. He told her that the horse is not thin but it is ill and it is in its last pose. After this fit they both have became friends. Connor, Mia’s mother’s boyfriend, while preparing the tea in the kitchen, interacted with Mia regarding the music mental picture that Mia was watching. Connor works as the security guard in the hardware store and wanted to be a father figure for the two children.Connor always carries Mia to her elbow room and also removes shoes and put blanket on her. Mia’s mother, Joanne, was enthusiastic as when she asked for the trip, both of the girls got sterilise to attend her mother and Tyler had shown much interest. When they were on trip, Connor asked about the animal and track downed the songs of calcium Dreaming. Mia always act to impress Connor as when he was catching seek she helped him and also when her mother got hurt in the river, Connor avoided Joanne to give a piggy- jeopardize ride to Mia.Mia was slowly attracting towards Connor and she was having some aspect in her school principal related to Connor. She reacts angrily with the Connor and due to which Connor came to know that she is the witness of the intercourse in the midst of him and Mia’s mother. Connor borrowed the camera and gav e that to Mia as she wants to go for the auditions of the local dance. In between that time Mia came across the social proletarian who was introduced by her mother to restart her schooling which she had left. provided Mia refused to go and had a drink from kitchen and went out of house.She had seen the delineation on street dancing on YouTube and took the help of Billy to search the car parts to deprave the alcohol for her self. After she sent her video, she received the impose for the audition. When they were celebrating by having the drink, Connor asked Mia to show her dance steps. She performed on California dreaming and was asked by Connor to sit along with him. As Joanne went upstairs, Connor and Mia had sex and wherefore he was embarrassed by the thing he had done with Mia. So he told her not to reveal the secret to Joanne.The actually succeeding(a) day she came to know from her mother and Tyler that Connor had left and Mia knows the govern where she can find Connor. M ia found him in his house in Tilbury and talked with him so he told her that he is unable to go congest again to her mother which promptly indicates that he doesn’t even want to get through Mia again. She didn’t do any issue of the age difference but Connor given her money in front the goodbye kissing and left her to the station to get herself back station. She wasn’t ready to back her home but she again reached to the Connor’s home from the back window and entered into it as she found it empty.In Connor’s house, she came to know that Connor is married and also he’s having the lady friend named, Keira and she had a call of nature over there on the floor. Mia then came out of the house and made a move but she have seen Keira playing on her scooter, also she convinced Keira to set take out across the field along with her that she’ll give her an ice-cream as told by the Keira’s mother to Mia. Keira started kicking Mia as t hey were running through the field and approaching towards river. As Keira became upset, then she started troubling Mia, and as Mia got frustrated, she pushed her and Keira fallen pop into the river.Then Mia saved Keira with the help of the Branch of the tree otherwise Keira might have drawn completely. After manner of speaking Keira, they both returned back towards the home as the Keira was starchy and feeling cold too. Then in between their way to home, Connor arrived and slapped Mia and pushes back her. He then took Keira and sire back towards the home. Many days have been passed and then Mia came to the audition for which she had been called and seen the exotic dancer playacting. Her turn came and she came on stage and music started.Then she had seen the fellow semi-nude auditionees and she walked off from the stage and went out to find Billy. She came to know that the horse which she cared for was wild and started droopy. Then Billy came and tried to stop her weeping and ask her to accompany him as he was going for Cardiff. Mia got ready and packed her bags and after having a dance with her mother and sister on the song â€Å" spirit is a Bitch and then you die”, she went off. era she was leaving her mother didn’t reacted as she give tongue to good bye and then she sat with Billy and drive away for the new life.The movie is full of drama and sequence of events that keeps the interest of audiences. Mia in the Fish Tank is struggling with her own emotions, desires and issues of morality. The climax of the movie is a mixer of the feelings where in one sink she leaves the audition that was for erotic dancer, her favourite horse dies and she decides to move ahead to explore better opportunity and earlier that she enjoys with her family. Movie 2 Another movie which was also based on the same genre was â€Å"Nowhere Boy”. In this movie a teenage boy, conjurationson, got success just because of his aunt and uncle.His aunt, Mimi, who is loving, inspirational and close kind of woman while her husband, George, is companion for the watchful and intelligent boy. legerdemain was overwhelmed, when her uncle died due to cancer. During the gamblingeral, washbasin met his full cousin Stan who showed him the place where his mother lives and was shocked that the house is close to his aunt’s and there he met Julia. Julia was fun loving girl whereas her aunt was strict. Julia’s habit and her hair have the matching which work as the attraction for John towards Julia. The relationship became deeper between Julia and John which was unfair to Mimi.Julia teaches John to play Banjo and also introduced him to â€Å" fluctuate n Roll”. Mimi unknowingly bought a guitar for John and due to which he failed to improve in the school and was suspended. Then he moved along with Julia to her home where he met with Bobby. In that night he comprehend Julia and Bobby’s conversation with which he recogni zed that Julia is kookie hearted and next day she again moved back to her aunt’s house. Then he met with the young guitarist who just looks like a dozen years old kid but he can play the guitar better than any other band.They started the rehearsals together and the band also started creating buzz. Soon he started getting fame and he enjoyed that. Then on Julia’s birthday, he met her after a long time span and found out the truth that why he got irritated in his life. And after that his life started moving smoothly and he got success to every point. The movie shows the struggle of the teenager to deal with the past and move ahead with life. The events and the presentation of events have been very impressive in entire movie.In both the movies, the main aspect was to show the life of the teenage girl and a boy that how the society deals with. In Fish Tank, Mia was the girl who got prize by the street dancers who were performing and in Nowhere Boy also, John got admired from the guitarist who can be able to play much better than the band. And in both the movies, director had shown clearly that the future is influenced by the past. So Mia got tighten in the movie Fish Tank as she heard that Connor had left them and in Nowhere Boy, John was also got irritated due to his past.These movies was generally strengthened for the young generation people as they already have pressure of studies and their hobbies and what they want to be in their life. Society also provide pressure to them which upshot in making pressure in the mind of the child and due to this many children left perusal and they got distracted from their hobbies too. Reference British Film constancy available at http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/in_depth/ merriment/2003/british_film_industry/default. stm Curran and Porter, 1993 British Cinema History, London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson 9-23Murphy, R. ed. , 2009 The British Cinema Book, London: BFI, 1-64, 65-142 Fish Tank official website ht tp://www. michaelfassbender. org/episodesfte. html http://www. hollywoodreporter. com/hr/film-reviews/fish-tank-film-review-1003973214. story epitome Fish Tank from http://www. movieroar. com/images/fish-tankpster1. jpg Nowhere Boy Movie Review http://www. futuremovies. co. uk/review. asp? ID=1110 No Where Boy movie details available at http://www. nowhereboy. co. uk/ http://www. hollywoodreporter. com/hr/film-reviews/nowhere-boy-film-review-1004031851. story\r\n'

'Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare\r'

' biographical information intimately(predicate) the author: William Shakespeare, born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, was an English poet and bringwright. Shakespeare was be equivocationved to have been educated at the King’s New School in Stratford about a quarter-mile from his home. At the age of 18, Shakespeare wed Anne Hathaway. The ceremony may have been arranged in some haste beca engross six months after the espousals Anne gave birth to a daughter named Susanna.About two sidereal days later they had equates, a boy and a girl, and the boy died of un cognize causes at the age of 11. It is not known when Shakespeare started get-up simply s incessantlyal of his plays were on the capital of the United Kingdom stage by 1592. Shakespeare divided his sentence in the midst of London and Stratford during this sequence of his career. In 1599 he locomote to Southwark while his comp any(prenominal) constructed the Global Theatre there. subs equently 1610, Shakespeare wrote very few okays before his death on April 23, 1616. Historical information about the consequence of military issue:Queen Elizabeth was in rein during this time period from 1559-1603. She was very fond of Shakespeare and hunch forwardd his works. The inspiration of the play Twelfth Night was more than handlely influenced by the queen scatty a play related to the holiday season. Twelfth Night is a Christian holiday that abbreviates rear on the 12th day after Christmas. On this day the roles in golf-club are flipped. Kings and queens dress up as peasants and men and women dress up as to each one former(a). At the beginning of the Twelfth Night feast a cake that contains a bean is eaten. The somebody who gravels the bean would be the ruler of the feast. Midnight marks the lay off of their rule and everything goes back to normal. Characteristics of the genre:A Shakespearian Comedy norm completelyy has a gifted windup that involves weddings b etween the unmarried characters. There t remnants to be a greater emphasis on situations than characters; there is nigh always a clever servant; multiple, intertwining plots; and the principal(prenominal) issue in Twelfth Night, deception among characters. patch Summary:After a huge squeeze at sea, a young wo homosexual named genus genus Viola finds herself washed up on a coast with the ship’s captain. Here she grieves the loss of her twin crony Sebastian who she gestates died in the storm. The Captain informs her that they are in Illyria and he assistants Viola disguise herself so that she may go to a piece of music named Duke Orsino and become his servant. During this 3 month period Viola, now known as Cesario, has to persuade lady Olivia, the charr Duke Orsino is in rage with, to marry him or at least take some interest. Olivia is also grieving her brother’s death and does not want to see any man that Orsino sends to her.However, she takes a liking to Cesario and falls in sexual crawl in with him. Unfortunately, Cesario (Viola) is now in love with Orsino, who loves Olivia, who loves Cesario. A crazy love triangle. Meanwhile, we meet other mass in Olivia’s philander such as her uncle Sir toby jug Belch; the maid maria; toby fillpot jug’s friend Sir Andrew Aguecheek who is trying to court Olivia; Feste, Olivia’s fool; and Malvolio, the arrogant and self-centered steward of Olivia’s household. Since Malvolio likes to ruin the other’s fun, Maria forges a garner, supposedly from Olivia, to make Malvolio debate Olivia is in love with him.Malvolio finds this letter, thinking it is for him, and, wanting to marry Olivia, follows its commands of dressing in yellow stocking, cross-gartering, to smile constantly, and to not explain his actions to no one. Once Olivia sees him behaving so strangely she thinks that he has gone(a) mad. Meanwhile, Sebastian, who we find to still be alive exactly believ es his sis Viola to be dead, arrives in Illyria on with his friend Antonio. Antonio has been taking care for Sebastian since the shipwreck and is turbulently (and some think sexually) attached to Sebastian; so a lot so that he follows him to Orsino’s court, in hatred of the fact that he and Orsino are old enemies.Once Sir Andrew sees that Olivia has interpreted a liking to Cesario he challenges Cesario to a duel. Sir Toby loves to see Sir Andrew make a fool of himself so he encourages Sir Andrew to continue. However, when Sebastian-who looks just like his disguised sister Viola-, appears he ends up fighting Sir Andrew and Sir Toby because they think he is Cesario. Olivia shows up seeing what is going on and asks Sebastian, who she thinks is Cesario, to marry her. Sebastian is very muddled because he has neer seen her before but he says that he go away go with her to be married because of her wealth and beauty.Meanwhile, Antonia has been arrested and begs Cesario to help him because he thinks Cesario is Sebastian. Viola says she does not know who Antonio is and Antonio is taken away while he says that Sebastian has betrayed him. We soon meet that Malvolio has been locked away in a small unrelenting room and although the group has tormented him throughout his time in there, Sir Toby allows Malvolio to send a letter to Olivia asking to be released. Orsino now decides to go gossip Olivia and he brings Viola (still disguised as Cesario) and other men in his court. Olivia states that Cesario is her new hus set when in reality it is her brother Sebastian.Orsino is furious but whence Sebastian appears and everyone is awestruck. Viola and Sebastian are reunited and Orsino can officially indicate his love for Viola now that he knows she is a woman. We also figure out that Sir Toby and Maria have been married. Finally, Malvolio shows up and the trick that took place on him is revealed. Malvolio storms off saying he will look for revenge and he le aves everyone else happy and joyful.Describe the author’s bolt: Shakespeare’s first plays were written in the corresponding style as those who were also writing at that period of time. However, he soon began to use the traditional styles in his own unique way. closely say that Twelfth Night is one a Shakespeare’s most poetical and musical plays. This fundamentally means that Shakespeare decided to make some of the major(ip) characters sound more like amazing poets than medium people. In this case he is using them to make fun of the shallowness of love poetry. An example that demonstrates the style:â€Å" Away before me to sweet beds of flowers: Love-thoughts lie risque when canopied with bowers.” (1.1.4) Memorable Quotations Quotation Significance â€Å"And all is semblative a woman’s part.” Orsino is telling Cesario (Viola) to accost Lady Olivia and he tells him that he is much like a woman and therefrom will be more appealing than i f he went himself. â€Å"Oh Time, thou mustiness untangle this, not I. It is too hard a knot for me t’ untie!” Viola realizes the love triangle she has gotten herself into and says that only time can animate it. â€Å"I hate ingratitude more in a man Than lying, vainness, babbling, drunkenness, Or any fault of voice whose strong corruption Inhabits our frail blood.” Cesario is reason himself against Antonio who is charging Cesario of ingratitude. â€Å"What relish is in this? How runs the stream…If if be and then to dream, still let me sleep!” Sebastian is very confused but yet happy about Olivia wanting to marry him. He has never seen her before but she is in love with him. â€Å"Thus the whirligig of time brings in his revenges”Setting Significance of the opening background Twelfth Night takes place in an imaginary place called Illyria. Illyria also happens to correspond to a place on the Adriatic coast which most Elizabethans knew n othing about and most people from London have never been there. This makes it the perfect location for the mysteries of this play.Viola decided to make a new life in this unfamiliar Dukedom. The same thing that draws her to Illyria, Shakespeare uses that to draw the audience in; the mystery, romance, and sluggishness of far-off places. One strange setting would be when the audience sees the out of control crew at Olivia’s home and also her weird behavior. other setting that seemed to be over the top would be Duke Orsino at his home listening to his live band while lying of the couch day daydream about being in love. In the opening snap the audience meets Duke Orsino and we see that the woman he loves, Lady Olivia, is grieving over the death of her brother therefore she has decided not to get married for another(prenominal) seven years.Orsino, being obsessed with Olivia, wants to just lie around on beds of flowers, listening to music and dreaming of Olivia. This shows the a udience of the persistence Orsino has and although he seems to be deep in love with Olivia he will speedily change his mind. Meanwhile, on the Illyrian sea coast Viola and her twin brother Sebastian are in a shipwreck. Viola was found and rescued but she doesn’t know where her brother is. Although the captain tells Viola that Sebastian may still be alive she does not believe it to be so. In the meantime, however, she needs to find a way to support herself in Illyria. This leads her to Orsino’s court and thus the beginning of what will soon be a crazy love triangle. SymbolsSignificance of the ending/ shutting prospect A pearl- A token of love; romantic attachmentDarkness of Malvolio’s Prison- insanity; madnessChanges of Clothing- class specialization; power, change in gender During the closing scene everyone finds out that Cesario is really Viola (a female) and that Sebastian is the â€Å"real man” of the family. Olivia finds out that she was in love wi th a woman but ended up marrying her twin brother on accident. Of course she doesn’t mind because she is happy regardless. Duke Orsino is glad because he can now sway the feelings he has been having for Cesario because he is now Viola. Most of Shakespeare’s comedies end in a â€Å"happily ever after” way so he had to find some kind of what to bring happiness to the end of this play. The happiness lies in the marriage of Olivia and Sebastian, the secret marriage of Sir Toby and Maria, and the marriage of Duke Orsino and Viola. Possible ThemesLove out of Suffering- disdain the happy ending, Shakespeare shows that love can cause hurt Uncertainty of Gender- Viola disguising herself as a man; Olivia ends up being in love with a woman, even if she thinks Viola is a man; Orsino comments on Cesario’s beauty, which suggests that he is attracted to Viola even though she is still in disguise.\r\n'

'Conservatives Favour Pragmatism Over Principle\r'

'Conservatives support naturalism everywhere regulation\r\nDiscuss.\r\nPragmatism essentially believes in a more matter-of-fact behavior or form of policy, as impertinent to an ideological principle. Conservatives traditionalisticly favour naive realism because it emphasizes the impact of apply views that afford been tested over time- play up the importance of tradition ( angiotensin-converting enzyme major traditional hidebound value. One-nation conservatives agree with the foundations of mulish ideas.Whereas the vernal Right was severely ideological- arguably, the application of Neo-liberal ideas with an violence on free-market sparings (i. e. : weighted privatization in the Thatcher period) shows a radical form into applying newer principles. handed-down conservatives place a higher emphasis on hard-nosed ideas- as these ideas have been tested over time (a conservative would argue that they work; they argon ingathering of age of continuity) thus humans be incapable and essentially limited in radically making theories themselves.Their ideas may be based upon the idea of tradition; which aligns itself with the Darwinian belief that only the fittest policies have survived over the years- and have bring into beingd what Chesterton callight-emitting diode the ‘democracy of the dead’ which is much more reputable than todays ‘arrogant oligarchy’. Pragmatic ideas ar preferred because they have continuously growing over centuries whereas principle would ensure instability- for congresswoman: the sudden abolition of the monarchy would heavily affect the human beings; because it’s across the nation loved- in that respectfore extreme principles of ideologies like communism would unimpeachably cause imbalance.This agrees with the Burkean view that a human principle screwing’t be superior to the pragmatic principle that has developed on its own- as the policy-making world is ‘boundless and b ottomless’ (as Oakshott said), essentially similarly complicated for the human mind to articulate principles efficiently. Furthermore, traditional conservatives disregarded the application of representative democracy as it was seen as being too radical in the early 19th century.Although wizard could argue that these conservatives are unaware of the benefits that radical multifariousness could bring- it can be countered by stating that fair democracy was a product of years of supplementing the system ( pillowcase: through numerous mend chips-1832, 1848,1867… etc. ); thus this gradual and continuous change (that benefit pragmatic ideas) completely contrast the profuse change the immediate application of principle would bring.Another camarilla of conservatives- One-nation conservatives clearly favored realness but Disraeli recognise the importance of ‘change in order to wield’, which would satisfy the masses without importantly impacting the elitis ts. The 1867 Reform Act exemplifies that these traditional principles were supplemented for beneficiary purposes- for example: Disraeli thought put right would diminish the brewing hope of revolution and genuinely convince the supporters to support conservatives. Thus Disraeli’s pragmatism was non-conventional but still built up on practical ideas.Moreover, the application of governmental principles by Thatcher led Macmillan to give the ‘selling of the families silver’ speech- this can create an illustration: the silver which has been accumulated over the years pragmatically has been radically excluded and unnecessarily cashed in. In contrast, New right conservatives oppose the idea of pragmatism but rather favour the principled ideas. The classification of neo-liberal ideas used by Thatcher and the rise of neo-conservatism through Reagan who displace an emphasis on supply-side economics.These ideas proposed something different- for example: Reagan’s 1980 presidential campaign placed a large emphasis in less government interference in lives of pile- which completely obstructs the traditional idea of organic bon ton and social obligations. Although New Right affected people socially, its economic impact was excessive- as the ideas of neo-liberal economists like Hayek and Freidman who proposed divergence it to the market (like the father of economics: Adam Smith). Freidman at once remarked ‘Governments never learn.Only people learn. ’- so this was applied by Thatcher who met much opposition from national/even caller members who believed in more pragmatic change and weren’t ready for such a radical one. These ideas created a rapid extend in unemployment numbers, realistically attain 4 million in terms of sexual congress poverty; this widened the gap between South and North- a pragmatic conservative would have altered their political policies in order to come to terms with the public yet Thatcher ocused o n her original ideological principles. Thatcher went against many traditional conservative values that have been developing over the years. There was a rejection of social obligations and responsibilities which was traditionally emphasized; yet the increase in atomistical individualism and egoism. In her famous speech, she said: â€Å"there is no such thing as company”- this can itself exemplify that her beliefs are formed from neo-liberal political beliefs, rather than incorporating pragmatism.An idea that evolved form an organic union; into what One nation conservatives’ idea of a paternalistic state- this was completely rejected which is evident in the increase in privatization of industries in order to ensure profit. Although one could argue that the application of this was essentially required- for example sooner Reagonomics, the economy was in its worst shape since the enormous Depression- therefore if these New Right ideas weren’t applied and more p ragmatic ideas were used then senesce would be stationary and the debt would rapidly increase.Essentially, if we simplify the program line it’s just trying to, (a) bring change through principles, and, (b) do what pragmatism failed to do- so maybe, it’s just changing in order to converse. For example, if these free-market economic ideas are applied, they can eventually be successful- for example: Estonia, which was influenced by ‘Free to choose’ (Friedman) introduced a like a shot tax rate-it’s now very juicy and there is a boost in public satisfaction.Although, arguably it wasn’t able to act pragmatically because it had just been released from the cruel soviet system therefore this doesn’t significantly illustrate the benefits of ideological principle- as it couldn’t purely work on Britain, for example: the Thatcher era: there was a boost in unemployment, poverty, frustration. In conclusion, on large conservatives believe i n pragmatism instead of ideological principle- although when the economy is in a slump then the application of newer ideas can revolutionize the system, evident with the New Right.However, Thatcher can be seen as an anomalous character in Britain- one could argue that David Cameron is shifting back to the pragmatic name of conservatism: with Big Society which will more often than not reinstate social responsibilities. Although it’s equally problematic that New Right had an impact on New labor thus principle could be significantly important (as it was famously called: â€Å"Thatcherism with a human portray”). Furthermore, on a whole, conservatives based their views on pragmatic ideas as opposed to ideological principles.\r\n'

'Are media evils?\r'

'The mixture †that mixture of opthalmic and aural information so ubiquitous in modern society †has been blamed for a numberless of problems. These problems range from social ills such(prenominal) as object lesson abjection in society, to more individual-specific maladies, such as intr all overted-ness and frenzy amongst teenagers. However, proponents of the evils of the media at times overstate the facts, blowing claw maladies out of proportion. The extent to which this occurs is still up for struggle; the media may yet be fully flagitious for that which it has been blamed for.Firstly, the media has been blamed for causing fierceness, or self-asserting behavior amongst youths, ostensibly because of the rampant images of celebratory rage and wanton aggression shown to the general public through with(predicate) and through various mediums such as tv situate and cinema. In James P. Steyer’s book, â€Å"The Other P atomic number 18nt”, he blames com mercialized violence for the rising crime measure in America, basing his assertions on interviews with children and trends in violence over the years. However, such assertions can non explain the results of a comparison between the United States and Canada.In a heavily publicised eccentric in the movie â€Å"Bowling for Columbine”, a comparison between the two countries showed that plain though violence on television in Canada was dear as graphic and rampant as in the United States, the untrained crime rate in Canada †flat amongst youths †was still lower. Furthermore, there argon former(a) factors which might cause an increase in violent activity amongst youths such as the rise in the number of dual-income families, a proven contri moreoveror to childishness delinquency as the child is non c ared for as much as in past times.Therefore, although there is any(prenominal) truth in the allegations that the media is responsible for violence in society, to say t hat it is solely responsible for violence amongst youths while eschewing the other factors as well would be an exaggeration, just non a gross one, as there is still evidence to show that it could perchance be as evil as purported. The media has similarly been blamed for causing general moral degradation in society through its display of lousiness not only through television but through radio and motion picture games as well.A young Emmy award winner, â€Å"Desperate Housewives”, portrays married women in compromising situations, or adulterous situations. A blockbuster video game, â€Å"Grand Theft Auto 3”, allows the gamer’s character to mother sex with prostitutes. However, if the media is such a strong negative influence on questions of devotion, wherefore is it that countries such as Iran and Singapore have had a fall in teenage abortion pass judgment in the last 5 years even as the number of television sets in households has change magnitude?The refore, although television immorality may be a factor in contributing to social degradation, it must(prenominal) be concatenated with other factors such as an more and more liberal culture, with less emphasis placed on moral education by parents, with an increasing double-parent workforce. sound like blaming the media for violence amongst youths, blaming the media for moral degradation would be an exaggeration, as the impact of the media on societal morality is comparatively less than the changing culture in society. Contrary to what people purport, the evils of the media in this exigent is not as serious as claimed.However, there are ills that the media is blamed for that may be too distant from the truth. For example, the media †especially through billboards and television advertisements †is supposed to be the main harbinger of consumerist tendencies and materialistic values in society. These evils are supposed to have been brought about by the increasing prolifera tion of advertisements on television. Close to home in Singapore, the time allocated to advertisements on local television has bypast up from 1 minute slots every 15 minutes to 3 minute slots every 15 minutes.In addition, advertizement companies have studied statistics and concluded that advertising does encourage people to consume in abundance, even for luxury goods, sometimes increasing sales by a factor of 2. With this kind of attitude, people go away spend money on things they do not need, an ill that does not have evident societal effects, yet a waste in liquid income. Therefore, this is one example of the charges levied against the media being less than hyperbolize as the media is indeed the main factor in contributing to consumerist tendencies, the situation as dire as portended.In addition to the media being blamed for consumerist tendencies, there are scientific articles claiming the media encourages antisocial behavior. People use statistics such as average television viewership of 2 hours a day by the average American. Furthermore, television ostensibly encourages us to be lethargic and not proactive. Although television does contribute to these human characteristics, the onus is still on the individual to display outgoing behavior and to go out and interact, therefore to blame the media on these maladies would be an exaggeration.As well as those media evils that are well put down and publicised, there are also evils that are not so scrutinised by the public eye. The media also serves as a judicature mouthpiece and a nub to indoctrinate the people with a certain set of values. This is particularly evident in North Korea, where the government controls what the people see or listen to through the media. In this case, the evil of the media is quite clear and precisely exaggerated. With control of the media, one can control opinions and knowledge, intelligibly shown by Kim Jong Il’s regime.In peroration, to the question of whether the e vils of the media have been grossly exaggerated, the answer is yes. The media does not stand iniquitous to the extent it has been blamed for, however, it is still culpable for some of evils it is blamed for, such as spreading consumerist tendencies. regular so, one must consider that there are other groups and factors responsible for the aforementioned evils. Therefore, in conclusion, I agree with the statement in that the media evils have been exaggerated, but I disagree because they have not been grossly exaggerated for the most part.\r\n'

'Post-War Boom Essay\r'

'every 22nd of April, the world celebrates Earth sidereal day, where the importance of environmentalism given(p) emphasis. What was once an ideology is now a kind movement, with major corporations joining in the campaign to touch the environment. In the US, the road to environmental movement started as primal as the 1960s but provided reached extensive recognition in the 70s. In 1962, Rachel Carson, a biologist, wrote a book entitled Silent Spring, which open the threats brought on by the use of pesticides (Brinkley 875).\r\nShe wrote that it was the first date that human beings were being subjected to â€Å" parlous chemicals” and called on the presidency to act on it (LaFeber et al 547). But it was non only Carson who opened the door for environmental movement. by-line the war, the drastic effect on the environment was head start to put mess in a crisis. weewee pollution was spreading; toxic fumes from factories and world power plants had started to infiltrate the piss and the atmosphere (Brinkley 876-877). In Ohio, for example, the Cuyahoga River had â€Å" fall in into flames” following constant dumping of petroleum barbarian into it (877).\r\nThe word â€Å"smog” was created to refer to the combination of heap and fog which relentlessly plagued the people living in cities (877). environmental destruction had started. The realization make people become aware of the possible damages it could inspect not just on the people but in any case on their surroundings. In fact, as early as 1950s, the Sierra nightclub, a traditional preservation organization, had contested the proposal to dam the Green River in Colorado (Glen canon Institute 2008). Sierra Club deemed the proposal as â€Å"America’s most(prenominal) regretted environmental mistake” (2008). The group sought to burst it but was in vain.\r\nThe Glen Canyon damming opened the waters (put intended) for the environmental movement that when proposals for damming Marble and Grand Canyon were put forward, the Sierra Club staged not just protests but also placed advertisement in the New York Times to stop it. In a way, the Colorado incident put fore the rising environmental movement. It triggered the concern for environmental saving and preservation. Among the environmental problems which people hoped to address were the aforementioned water problem, ozone layer, greenhouse effect, nuclear power and the escalating amount of food waste (Divine et al 870-871).\r\nFor instance, studies in the 70s revealed the effects of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) to the earth’s ozone layer (870). Scientists also discovered that smoke and opposite toxic fumes contributed to the formation of acid rain, which was dangerous not only to forests but the aquamarine (870). barely April 1970 the first Earth Day was celebrated in campuses, the start of what was to be a campaign to augment the threats of toxic wastes to the environment (LaFeber 547 ). Earth Day was the base of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin who initially thought of conducting a series of dialogue around campus (Brinkley 878).\r\nCompared to the antiwar rallies that as common during these days, the Earth Day demonstration had an â€Å"unthreatening” aura that made it raise to people. During President Nixon’s first term, the Congress passed the matter environmental Policy carry and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (Brinkley 878). Laws were also created to regulate environmental hazards, preserve endangered species and protect wilderness areas (LaFeber 547). The well-defined Air Act and Clean Water Act were passed in 1972 (Brinkley 878).\r\nThe support of government in environmentalism made it easier to somehow alleviate environmental degradation brought on by pollution and the advancing industrial society. However, during the Reagan administration, federal chuck outs were made in favor of promoting private enterprise s (547). Reagan also hoped to abolish the Council on Environmental Quality and cut funds for the Environmental Protection Agency (547). However, his anti-environmental transition only made the environmental movement stronger. Environmental groups saw rise in its members.\r\n'

'Describe and Evaluate Psychological Research Into Obedience\r'

'Obedience results from pressure to accede with potency. Children are taught to conform from an before give-up the ghost(predicate) age by their care givers, in order for them to conform in society. The authoritarian loom continues by their education and working life, and is so passed on to the next generation. This essay will focus on the work of the American psychologist Stanley Milgram. It will as well gestate at another(prenominal) studies into homage that evolved from Milgram’s auditions from the early 1960s. Stanley Milgram is wizard of the carrying researchers into the psychology of obedience. sieve et al (2008) and was raise why thousands of German soldiers blindly copyed orders that resulted in the demolition of millions of Jewish quite a little during World War II. even so if a soldier is obeying orders from their superiors, then should responsibility for the consequences be held to those superiors? But evidence suggests that at that place was a clutch willingness of tens of thousands of people to cooperate with the Nazi regime, even to the point of shopping neighbours to the Gestapo. Rice et al (2008). The Allies saying the Germans as an authoritarian, militaristic and obedient nation.Suggesting an explanation for this primitive behaviour. Adorno et al (1950) claimed that it was the authoritarian personality that was responsible for the persecution of the Jews in Nazi Germany. Milgram was sceptical of this, believing that obedience was owed much to the situation than to the national character of a cross nation. So in the early 1960s Milgram conducted a series of auditions to aid his theory. The aim of Milgram’s admit of Obedience (1963) was to investigate how far people would go in obeying an authority figure. He advertised in local newspapers.The ad was for participation in a study of learning at Yale University. Participants would be paying $4. 50 just for turning up. Through the ads, Milgram had gestural up 40 antherals between the ages of 20 to 50 with various occupations, and wholly came from a range of educational backgrounds. Believing they were participating in the effects of penalisation on learning, the thespians were brought to a laboratory setting at Yale, where they would be individually tested. Here they met with the investigateer, dressed in a grey laboratory coat, who appeared stern and impassive through with(predicate) and throughout the experiment (Class discharge 1).The other role player present would be a associate to the experiment, and through a fixed lottery, would al ways be minded(p) the role of learner. The histrion would then see his sheer peer be strapped to a chair and then the experimenter would attach electrodes to him. The participant was given an initial mark shock of 45 volts, then moved foundation a partition. The experiment required the participant to choose the ally questions on word pairs. For each misunderstanding that was make, t he participant was to administer an electric shock to the learner, stepwise increasing the voltage from 15 volts up to a lethal 450 volts.The only contact with the learner was through an intercom. end-to-end the test, the participant would be observed by the experimenter. During the experiment the learner would constantly make mistakes. As the voltage would increase with each incorrect answer, at specific levels, the learner would protest about the shocks. send-off with moans and groans, begging to be released, kicking the wall and at 315 volts on that point would be no further responses (Class acquittance 1. As the shocks, and responses, increased many of the participants became upset.Three of the participants had uncontrollable seizures, matchless being so severe that the experiment had to be halted Rice et al (2008). Any questions the participants asked the experimenter during the test, whether it be a request to stop the experiment or enquire about the welfare of the lear ner, would result in the experimenter responding with quaternary verbal excavates to continue. Only after the 4th prod would the experiment would finish or when the maximum centre of shocks had been delivered. The results showed that 65% of the participants proceed to the maximum level.The results of the eldest experiment are difficult to generalise to the whole state as Milgram only employ American males as participants. Therefore, in a series of follow up experiments, Milgram (1974) investigated factors which may vary the level of obedience. Rice et al (2008). Depending on the variations to the accepted experiments, the results changed considerably †with 92% sleep with obedience with the two teacher condition. This would be were the participant would be paired with a second confederate also playing the role of teacher.It would be the confederate delivering the shocks while the participant would only read the questions (Class Handout 1). The allocation of responsibi lity had at a time shifted to the confederate who was administering the shocks. The other notable change would be the social support condition which showed a significant drop, with only 10% complete obedience. Two more confederates would join the participant as teachers, but soon refused to obey. Most subjects stop very soon after the others (Class Handout 1).This would suggest that disobedience, or obedience, is more likely to happen when thither is social pressure present. To test the ecological harshness of Milgram’s work Bickman (1974) used 3 male experimenters, dressed in one of three ways: a sports coat and tie, a milkman’s homogeneous or a security guards uniform. The experimenters randomly gave 153 pedestrians one of three orders. (Class Handout 2). Bickman found that most people obeyed the experimenter dressed as the guard. This might explain how obedience can be related to perceived authority †frankincense supporting Milgram’s findings.On the other hand the orders, unlike Milgram’s were not so inordinate †and so in a public setting, it would be down to attitudes and individual differences as to whether people would comply with any mundane requests, regardless of what they are wearing. reinforcement is also shown by the results of Hofling et al (1966). In this experiment at a hospital, twenty-two nurses were called by an unmapped doctor (a confederate), requesting they administer drugs to a patient. The order from the doctor, if they went through with it, would establish the nurses disobey three hospital rules. premiere of all, they didn’t know the doctor that was calling them. Second, they didn’t sire written authorization. And finally, the dose that was instructed to be given was twice as noble as the maximum dot allowed, this was also stated on the medicine bottle. scorn this twenty-one out of twenty-two nurses obeyed the telephoned instructions, before they were halt and the situatio n explained to them. Rice et al (2008) Since being in a natural setting, the study was ecologically logical with the results supporting Milgrams theory. but on the other hand there are clear estimable issues with this study in that the nurses were deceived, there was no consent given prior(prenominal) to the experiment and they had no right to withdraw. With Milgram’s original experiment being carried out in the 1960s, it may suggest that his results can no longer be justifiable in today’s raw society. With the estimable guidelines of today, a replication of the study would now seem impossible. Nevertheless, after making variations to some of Milgram’s procedures, Burger (2007) managed to replicate Milgram’s experiment.Going as far as using the same words in the retrospection test and the experimenters lab coat. The most critical changes were made to the ethical treatment of the participants. The experiment was stopped at the one hundred fifty volt mark, this was also the point of the first vocal feedback from the learner. From flavour at Milgram’s data, participants who continued past 150 volts, 79 percent went all the way to 450 volts. Burger (2007). This allowed them to estimate what the participants would do if they where allowed to continue. Deception was a criticism of the original experiment.To avoid this, participants were told at least(prenominal) three times that they had the right to withdraw and take over receive the full payment. The results were similar to that of more than four decades ago. With 70% willing to continue after the 150 volts. With no significant differences between genders and even with the ethical restrictions, this Study supports Milgram’s original results of well over forty years ago. Another criticism of Milgram’s research is that it was only conducted with Americans and so lacks cross- pagan validity.The experiment has now been replicated across the globe, with the ma jority of studies showing extravagantly levels of obedience, with participants continuing to the maximum shock level. Ranging from 90% in S cark, 80% in Italy, Germany and Austria and 50% in the UK. Rice et al (2008). One exception to this would be in Australia, Kilham & Mann (1974) in one variation of their experiments, their results showed a chela 16% obedience rate of the subjects, in simile to Milgram’s original 65%.On the other hand, when looking at the methodology on this particular variation, there are a few notable changes. First of all the general population (male and pistillate variations) that Milgram used had now been replaced by all female students. However the biggest difference is the confederate that was used in the Australian sample †they used a fellow female student. This may of impacted on the participants willingness to cause pain to someone they saw as equal to themselves, thus resulting in the lower percentage of obedience.In general the res ults from the cultural and geographical variations continue to support Milgram’s findings. Throughout all the criticisms of Milgram’s early work, the general dependability and validity of these experiments from the early 1960s (as already discussed) have been continued through to modern times, across cultural variations and in and out of the laboratory setting. The results, although varying in some degrees (dependent upon the methodology used in the by and by studies) still show that people will obey authority even when it violates their core values and lead them to harm others.A criticism that persistently follows the Milgram experiment has been the ethical treatment of the participants in the experiment. Milgrams main defence centres on the debrief that all participants true afterwards. They all received a full report of the procedure and findings. They were also sent a questionnaire to complete which showed that a high percentage of participants stated they were happy they took part in the experiment. So although the experiment did breach today’s ethical guidelines, on the other hand Milgram did not breach these guidelines, since they did not exist at the time.\r\n'

'Scope Statement\r'

'This being said we ill pay back the best locally produced ingredients and buy in slew in such a way that the ingredients exit still be reasonably priced. The sausages and meats go forth be made in house by our testify chefs. We will have our own homemade mellisonant mozzarella. We will start off as a small bakery that take ons authentic Danish bake goods right to the doorstep of Kent, Washington. The Sёrender bakery will provide items identical delicate pastries, cakes for every(prenominal) occasion, homemade bread, and smörgÃ¥sbord sandwiches at a split up of the cost of opposite bakeries.We also will work specialty cakes made to look like other teems not traditionally associated with cake like scrunch up cakes shoe cakes etc. We want to develop a relationship with both our suppliers and our customers this way allowing us to swop high quality goods at a apt price. We will market our product in the ring community and we will have a website so that orders that need time can be rigid on line and can be picked up in store.We will multitude different events like sandwich eating contest that will bring in a customer base. We will host an internet give away that influence customers into the bakery buy offering the first 50 mess to place an order a ere gift. Project Deliverables doting and welcoming environment Great food Dinning bailiwick will be built and designed with recycled products water-loving food choices Cakes, P Purchase of equipment Packaging will be environmentally friendly and food safe.Fast and low-priced delivery Competitive prices Breakfast and lunch sandwiches clientele reoccurring order discounts Project Objectives What are the cost, schedule, and quality objectives of this get word? Project Sass motions What are the assumptions on which the suffer is based? Project Constraints What are the major limit factors that affect the project? Exclusions What are the boundaries of the project? What is to be included an d what is to be excluded from the project?\r\n'

'Cunard Line, Ltd Essay\r'

'Cunard concern Ltd. is a cruise line that represents luxury and associate providing 4 to atomic number 23 sense cruise mail options. Their overall head mart is mature adults with mid(prenominal) to very mettlesome income- take aims. A lot of the merchandise efforts put forth by Cunard were going towards tactical efforts and the promotional material of individual enthrals as opposed to the promotion of the entire cross off. Although most of the ads portrayed the same scent and had an individually hacked paragraph and/or photo.\r\n mint backs caused by the worldwide recession as wellhead as the Iraq War has caused Cunard the dilemma of risking their prestigious procedureicipation image to tin consumers with badr discounts or educate other trade strategies that exit seek to uphold their 90% occupancy rate without lowering their high school preference position. It take ind much pressure for the creation of â€Å"gross revenue oriented” marketing, which would scupper their high-class image. With competitors such as Carnival who are able to provide pear-shaped discounts, it makes it difficult for Cunard to avoid using the same cash advance in order to compete.\r\nSegmentation Strategy Cunard seems to bring forth catchn a Concentrated merchandise onslaught to segmentation. Generally, they focus on single patsy market †the upper class. Although this foundation be seen as a disadvantage in an economy experiencing a recession, by segmenting based on this niche income and lifestyle, Cunard is able to tailor their services specifically to them kinda than targeting more than one market and not providing the trump service possible. non only do their advertisements and brand perception submit this segmentation but they make efforts to communicate in person with their clients.\r\nThis is demonstrated done through letters that they disperse with personalized marketing messages, tailored specifically to the needs of the ir customers. Price/Quality Relationship The concept of bell/quality alliance is firmly integrated into the target market that Cunard has chosen. A tenacious with their brand image, the high determine of their services gives off a perceived high quality. Although services are globally intangible, services such as providing reservations for an entire mealtime in their five-star cruise ship is merely one example of how Cunard tries to maintain this equipment casualty/quality relationship.\r\nWith the price that consumers pay, they come to expect the best service for their dollar. Generally those who pay these high criterions rhythm over that money is no object as long as they receive a great quality product or service. Satisfaction would mean that they reached or exceeded the expectations consumers had of the service. Cunard tries not to portray prices in their advertising or attain constantly advertised sales in order to keep the price/quality relationship high and retain c ustomers who respect this aspect of their companion. alternative Strategies\r\nThere are multiple strategies that Cunard may take in order to maintain their high-class brand image while rescue in abounding consumers from their target market. One of these alternatives is to create relationships with big companies and provide them with a vacation package deal. An example of this is creating a relationship with a large insurance company who is then able to create a make out for self-employed insurance advisors. As self-employed individuals they have the potential of comeing high incomes and through a manage they will be motivated to meet true productivity requirements.\r\nOnly those who qualify will be able to go on the trip and will so meet the high standards of the Cunard brand. This manner would in all probability be more effective for the four star ships who cater less to those at or skillful the retired age and target a little identification number of a lower income t han the five star ships. another(prenominal) alternative strategy would be to create a loyalty program for existing Cunard customers. This method finish be used for customers of the four or five star ships.\r\nThis loyalty program would provide chance(a) direct crackings to customers who already have experience with Cunard and indeed will not view the deals as a lowering of standards. An example of a deal that back tooth be provided is a selling package that is broad(a) for a year or two. This package would define a discounted price for a set amount of people to travel on a indisputable cruise ship. That way, there is enough time for a customer to realistically plan out a trip while providing an incentive for them and encourage more action as opposed to a fix priced ad.\r\nLastly, an alternative that notify be taken is to skeleton relationships with various large companies with employees who make an income in the target range and make offers to company executives. This me thod would not downplay the company image because Cunard would be communication directly with high-income executives and furthermore will not be making any public sales or advertisements. This method would create new potential customers who are directly in the target market of choice using the method of relationship building. This may in any case result in additional customer retention.\r\nThis method can be used for both the four and five star ships. In order to draw in the target market of the five star ships, Cunard can make an arrangement with a company to offer a deal with their luxury ships as part of a retirement plan. Recommendations As a general recommendation, Cunard should focus on brand loyalty and relationships. Marketing efforts should go towards the advertising of the overall brand rather than individual ships while the rest of the company’s efforts should go towards relationship building.\r\nThese relationships will then in turn target certain customers to certain ships through Cunard’s arrangements with companies. Considering the situation regarding the recession and war, Cunard should focus heavily on the strategy of building relationships with companies who can create vacation postulate packages for their employees. During the time of a recession, anyone would appreciate an incentive to make more money and the luck to gain something from it.\r\nBy winning something so prestigious, consumers gain confidence as well as complaisant benefits, which can initially be their motivation. If it is a large company, there is potential for many qualifiers who can turn into loyal customers whether it be through the continuation of the contest yearly, or by their own personal rely to continue their relationship with Cunard. These contests will not jeopardize the high-quality image of the company because through negotiation, Cunard can match that the qualification requirements are at a level where when achieved, it will be viewed as pr estigious.\r\nIf this contest continues yearly, Cunard can maintain their customer value, satisfaction and trust and therefore have customer retention. This will result in less price sensitivity, positive word of mouth, go customers and a long lasting relationship. If Cunard continues to use marketing to market their entire company while bringing their services directly to their desired market, they can discover a 90% occupancy and the continuation of a high-class cruise ship operation.\r\n'